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There are several types of headaches - 150 diagnostic headache categories have been established!

the most common types of headaches are

Tension headaches: Also called chronic daily headaches or chronic non-progressive headaches, tension headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults and adolescents. These muscle contraction headaches cause mild to moderate pain and come and go over a prolonged period of time. 

Migraines:  The exact causes of migraines are unknown, although they are related to blood vessel contractions and other changes in the brain as well as inherited abnormalities in certain areas of the brain. Migraine pain is moderate to severe, often described as pounding, throbbing pain. They can last from 4 hours to 3 days and usually occur 1 to 4 times per month. Migraines are associated with symptoms such as light sensitivity; noise or odors; nausea or vomiting; loss of appetite; and stomach upset or abdominal pain. When a child is having a migraine they often look pale, feel dizzy, have blurred vision, fever, stomach upset, in addition to having the above listed symptoms.

           A small percentage of pediatric migraines include recurrent (cyclic) gastrointestinal symptoms, in which vomiting is most common. Cyclic vomiting means that the symptoms occur on a regular basis — about once a month. These types of migraines are sometimes called abdominal migraines.

Mixed headache syndrome:  Also called transformed migraines, this is a combination of migraine and tension headaches. Both adults and children experience this type of headache.

Cluster headaches:  The least common, although the most severe, type of primary headache, the pain of a cluster headache is intense and may be described as having a burning or piercing quality that is throbbing or constant. The pain is so severe that most cluster headache sufferers cannot sit still and will often pace during an attack. The pain is located behind one eye or in the eye region, without changing sides. The term “cluster headache” refers to headaches that have a characteristic grouping of attacks. Cluster headaches occur one to three times per day during a cluster period, which may last 2 weeks to 3 months. The headaches may disappear completely (go into “remission”) for months or years, only to recur.

Sinus headaches:  Sinus headaches are associated with a deep and constant pain in the cheekbones, forehead or bridge of the nose. The pain usually intensifies with sudden head movement or straining and usually occurs with other sinus symptoms, such as nasal discharge, feeling of fullness in the ears, fever, and facial swelling.

Acute headaches: Seen in children, these are headaches that occur suddenly and for the first time and have symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time. Acute headaches most commonly result in a visit to the pediatrician’s office and/or the emergency room. If there are no neurological signs or symptoms, the most common cause for acute headaches in children and adolescents is a respiratory or sinus infection.

Hormone headaches:  Headaches in women are often associated with changing hormone levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Chemically induced hormone changes, such as with birth control pills, also trigger headaches in some women.

Fernando Alonso has a secret agreement to join ferrari for 4 years from 2011, italian sports daily la Gazzetta dello sport reported on sunday. The twice formula one world champion has never hidden his desire to the italian team and ferrari president Luca di Montezemolo recently fuelled the ongoing speculation by refusing to rule out the Spaniard’s future arrival. The news paper said the deal had several get-outs clauses for both sides added that Alanso could join Ferrari even earlier, in 2010, if 2007 world champion kimi Raikkonen follows this year’s disappointing swason with another bad campaign. by contrast, Alonso was in impressive form after returning to Renault following a difficult season at McLaren, despite not having a car competitive enough to challenge for the title. The 27-year-old won 2 races, in Singapore and japan, and finished fifth in standings for Renault, with whom he won the 2005 and 2006 world championships. Ferrari have Raikkonen and this year’s title runner-up Felipe Massa under contract until the end of 2010, while Alonso’s current deal with Renault also runs two more seasons.

The answer could be
1. “Mohammed originally described himself as a ‘jewish prophet’. The religion he was developing, which today we know as Islam, incorporated many aspects of Judaism within it. Some of the dietary laws are the same, for instance. Religious Jews pray three times a day - religious Muslims pray five times daily. There are many other similarities.

But then Mohammed demanded that the Jews abandon their own faith and instead, convert to Islam. Naturally, the Jews declined. At this point, Mohammed turned on them and this is the starting point of the enmity.

Judaism teaches that all religions are to be respected, and that all humans are equally G-d’s children. And indeed, there are many instances of Jews and Muslims living and working together perfectly well. In fact, in general, Jews fared better in Islamic countries than they did in Christian nations.

The dispute over land is more complex; bear in mind that Jerusalem is the holiest Jewish city. But for Muslims, it is the THIRD most holy city, because Mecca and Medina are their first two. Jews have always prayed facing Jerusalem, wherever they are in the world. Muslims pray facing Mecca.

And Jerusalem is not mentioned ONCE in the Quran, the holy Islamic text! ”

2.A lot of things contributed to the problem, but the central disagreement between them is over ownership of land. Religious people on each side believe that God gave them the land where they live. It is important to remember though, that in general, Jews and Moslems don’t ALL believe that they are at war, or even have bad feelings toward the other religion. Most of the conflict is among people who are very different trying to live in close proximity in the Middle East. Some of them don’t even believe in their religions… they just can’t get along next to each other. Hatred like that exists whenever people don’t try to understand each other, or start hating people just because they belong to a certain group even though they don’t know them.

3.This ia also a correct answer, The correct answer to the question lies in the begining of Islam and the original Jewish tribes that defied Muhammad’s demand to convert to Islam. Because the Jewish tribes refused to convert and tried to assasinate Muhammad, the Jews became the object of Islamic hate.

Sura (5:59-60) - This verse begets the infamous belief on the part of some Muslims that Jews are descended from swine and apes, since it says that wicked Jews (at least) were transformed by Allah in the past.

The Qur’an also contains dozens of verses that specifically describe Jews in the ugliest, most hateful terms. These parts of the Qur’an are indistinguishable from hate literature.

There is nothing in Jewish literature or in the religion that promotes or directs hate towards any other religion. The Quran is believed by Muslims to be the word of God so as the Quran directs the Muslims to hate the Jews, the faithful follow the Quran’s teaching.

Today’s terrorist movement started in 1928 with the founding of Ikhwan al-Muslimun, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, to oppose the Arab secular governments that stripped the Islamic elite of its power. This group, led by Hassan al-Banna, felt no Islamic country should tolerate a secular government. Islam had always been the judge, jury, and executioner over the people.
This militant group armed and trained itself and became such a problem for the Egyptian government that the terrorist leader, al-Banna, was executed but this only elevated him to martyrdom. The movement grew in power and status.
In the 1950s, a new and extremely radical leader, Sayyid Qutb, convinced his followers that the Quran justified the killing of fellow Muslims. In his book, “Milestones,” he encouraged a jihad to remove secular Muslim leaders and claimed it was the duty of all Muslims to return Islam to its former power and glory. Following strict Islamic law could only do this. Secular Muslims were put in a category with Christians and Jews—they were infidels.
Sayyid Qutb was also executed by the Egyptians in 1966, but the Islamic terrorist movement grew and expanded and now has branches of loyal followers in over 70 countries around the globe and these Islamic terrorists are more than willing to kill for their cause.
The embarrassing defeat of Islamic/Arab countries by the lowly “monkey-Jew” in the 1967 Six Day War gave fuel to the Islamic terrorist movement. This humiliating loss to the tiny Jewish state was proof for Islamic terrorists that secular Islamic states were against all that was Islamic. Islamic countries were defeated by a people that True Islam does not even consider human.
Mu’ammar Qaddaffi seized power in Libya in 1969 and he used Libya’s vast oil wealth to fund Islamic terror around the world. A decade later, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the secular government in Iran by taking the American embassy personnel hostage and keeping them as prisoners for over a year.
The 1980s saw the Iranian-backed terror group, Hezbollah strike American troops on a peacekeeping mission in Lebanon and the American embassy was bombed. The United States made the tragic mistake of leaving Lebanon, and the Islamists saw this as a sign of weakness, and a rash of attacks on Americans continued unpunished around the world for the next two decades.
True Islam had its golden moment on 9/11 when it succeeded in attacking the “great Satan” on its own soil. Their bragging and celebration was brief. The American response to that attack took the terrorists by surprise. Believing America was a weak paper-tiger, I believe the invasion of Afghanistan surprised bin Laden. The loss of Afghanistan enraged the Islamists. Afghanistan was True Islam’s model for the world. Even more insulting was that the majority of Afghani people seemed to welcome the overthrow of the Taliban.
True Islam couldn’t care less about the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The fact Saddam is Muslim means nothing to them. He was a secular infidel. Iraqi Muslims who wish to remain under a secular government are slaughtered like sheep because they too are considered un-Islamic infidels. Radical Islam knows this may well be its only chance to subjugate the Iraqi people under strict Islamic rule and take possession of an oil-rich terrorist training base. If True Islam were to gain control in Iraq, it would immediately join forces with Iran to wreck havoc on the world.
Once a great power, Islam has now been reduced to training the gullible to strap bombs on themselves and blow up a bus or train full of civilians. Radical Islamic leaders have only one goal: To make Islam the only religion, and to put Islamic leaders in command over the entire population of the world. To accomplish this, western civilization, Christianity, Judaism, secular Muslims, and all other non-Muslim forms of religious beliefs, must be exterminated.
There has been one important adjustment in True Islam’s plan. It no longer shuns modern weapons and technology. Indeed, Islamics believe that the detonation of nuclear weapons on American soil will bring them a quick victory. This is a serious miscalculation on True Islam’s part. A very deadly miscalculation.
If one studies the history of Islam and its violent roots, it is not difficult to understand it. Islamists have killed millions of people over the centuries and killing millions more to accomplish the goal of total Islamic rule does not disturb them.
The number of moderate-secular Muslims is declining as true Islam spreads its rage and hatred to every corner of the world. Time is short. Iran may be only months away from obtaining nuclear weapons. There are reports that several nuclear weapons are already here and in place in America. There can be no signs of weakness from the western world. There can be no negotiations or deals made with True Islam. There can be no quarter given.
History has taught us one thing: It is us, or them. There is no middle ground with terrorists. True Islam has not changed in 1400 years. It is not going to change now.

Some lines of terrorism:

1. “The end of Israel is the goal of our struggle, and it allows for neither compromise nor mediation… We don’t want peace. We want war, victory.” (Yasser Arafat, 1972)
2. “The Palestine National Council, in the name of God, and in the name of the Palestinian Arab people, proclaims the establishment of the state of Palestine on our Palestinian land, with Jerusalem as its capital.” (Yasser Arafat, 15 November 1988)
3. “To kill Americans and their allies, both civil and military, is an individual duty of every Muslim who is able, in any country where this is possible.” (Bin Laden, 1998)

Sleep duration and patterns can affect sports training and performance. Most people need 7 or 8 hours of sleep, and your body functions at its best when you have regular sleep patterns, generally sleeping at about the same time every night. So if your workouts, practices, or competitions aren´t going well, consider whether you´re getting enough sleep.

As Tibetan horsemen charge like fiery embers over withered grass to attack a Chinese government Catching-the-Shrimp outpost, the Dalai Lama and the Beijing government point fingers of blame for the firestorm sweeping the Tibetan Plateau. Far from these vast grasslands, neither authority - religious or secular - has much of a clue of the range war happening here.

This battle for the grasslands has been smoldering for the past decade over the volatile price of livestock and food-cost inflation, largely due to the skyrocketing market value of meat. While Buddhists around the world may practice vegetarianism, red meat is essential to the Tibetan diet - especially for monks known as lamas - since it is the only effective means of transforming the abundant grass into protein.

As is the case for workers in the meat industry worldwide, Tibetan herders and family farmers here are at the bottom rung of the economic ladder, receiving the least cash for the most hours worked. Tibetan herdsmen are scattered, often illiterate and unable to converse in Mandarin. They are even discouraged from owning trucks, since lamas tell them that their scant earnings are better spent on donations to the Buddhist monasteries.

Pastoral isolation leaves the herders open to undercutting by Muslim middlemen. Ten years ago, the price of a fat-tailed sheep was about US$14. Four years ago, as the newly constructed western highways were extended, the price tripled due to rising demand for lamb chops in wealthy cities of the distant Pacific Coast. This sudden boom led to encroachment by one group of herders onto the lands leased by other groups. Range wars erupted between odd coalitions of Tibetans, Mongols and Muslims.

Here, money is meat, meat is grass and people kill for grass. Though the bloodshed in the high prairie may seem anachronistic, it is directly linked to the global economy that Beijing has so eagerly embraced. Far away in the capital, foreign executives can tuck into a business lunch featuring an 8-ounce rib eye with potatoes, vegetables and salad for a mere $4 at a steakhouse affiliated with Cargill, the gigantic U.S. grain conglomerate. A medium-rare steak is surely a sign of reform and free trade - but the delivery mechanism remains hidden from view.

In more recent years, huge feedlots supplied by American grain companies have sprung up in Inner Mongolia, the Shantung Peninsula and outside of Shanghai. Their purchasing agents ply the Muslim truckers with fistfuls of cash for shipments of thousands of live animals. With so much demand from the rich cities, meat became scarce in local markets, and food prices shot up.

Tibetans were buying a leg of lamb for the price of a whole animal, and few would ever stop to consider the inflated price of fuel and truck leasing for the Muslim middleman. In the first day of the Lhasa riots, most of the casualties of arson were Hui Muslim noodle restaurant workers, who migrated to the newly prosperous provincial capital over the past decade - just as Mexican immigrants have gone to major cities to work as dishwashers.

The frustration and anger of the Tibetan mobs will not immediately result in either independence or genocidal repression - only a heightened state of anxiety and distrust. The rules of Tibetan Buddhism have curbed the native population from common trades practiced by citizens of a modern secular nation-state. Instead, a multiethnic caste system is being perpetuated, with the Muslims doing the butchering, running restaurants and driving; the Nepalese crafting the jewelry and brassware; and the Chinese laborers building roads and raising power lines. With rising expectations and ruthless greed, cultural and religious difference is a formula for ethnic vendetta.

One solution lies in establishing a fair trading system for poverty-stricken Tibetan herders and for the Muslim meatpackers. The solution is not easy, given the steady loss of grassland and glaciers to global warming. The only consolation from this vicious cycle is that long after the global economy collapses under its own unsustainable weight, the Tibetan and Mongol herdsmen will still be grazing their sheep in these uplands, while their Muslim neighbors grow fields of wheat in the arid valleys below.

Another important reason for stretching is to aid in balanced muscle development throughout the body. If one group of muscles is tight and overdeveloped, while another is lengthened and underdeveloped, not only will this look poor aesthetically, but it will contribute to potential future injury. For example, overworking the chest, relative to the back will cause you to have rounded shoulders and look like a gorilla, in addition to causing low back problems.

The elliptical machine will tell you how many calories you’ve burned. This basically depends on how fast you go and how long you stay on. Set the tension high enough that you feel a little resistance, but not so high that you can’t exercise very long. If you’re interested in weight loss, try for at leaset 200-300 calories expended on your elliptical every day. They don’t all have to be in the same session. Work up to 500 and you’ll see great results.

Tourism

Visakhapatnam offers a plethora of tourist attractions that cannot be paralled by any location in India, it is very unfortunate that it could not attract much attention due to lack of proper marketing and lack of government support. Americans especially when they visited Caltex Oil refinery(presently HPCL) found striking similarity with San Francisco and called this city as “San Francisco of India”.It offers wide range of choices for the nature lovers. In vizag one can find golden beaches, Cliffs, parks on the hill top facing sea, Beach front in the heart of city, long drive along beautiful beach road, Zoo park and wildlife sanctury, Submarine museum, hill stations, Limestone caves, Coves, Mountain ranges and colourful valleys all within a distance of 100 km from the city.Stay at Vizag is never a boring affair. The city is neat and clean and offers you a decent accommodation at an affordable price. Food is very delicious that too at a cheaper price. There are two Five star hotels viz, The Taj and The Park. Few more star hotels like Green Park, Hotel Dasapalla, Hotel Grand Bay, Hotel dolphin,etc. There are several budget range hotels all within 10 km distance away from Railway station.
It is the place where Eastern Ghats merges into the sea. Kailashagiri, a park developed by VUDA on a hill top adjacent to sea offers breathtaking view of the sea, Vizag city and the Eastern Ghats can be seen at this place .The ranges are appropriately named Kailasagiri owing to the presence of the statue of the celestial couple (Siva-Parvathi statue). The high point also gives a panoramic view of the city, its beaches.While all this makes the ambience suitable for tourism, the presence of huge idol makes the place worth seeing for the devotes. There is a well-laid road for motorists and steps for pedestrians. The entire area is illuminated and presents a fantastic sight when viewed in the night from any part of the city.It is the only park of its kind in India where one can see sun, sea, sand, mountains, city and nature. This is one of the most romantic places one could ever think of. From the titanic view point one can see the beautiful and the longest beach road in India. In the same park there is a toy train, that will take you through the breathtaking panorama of City, Sea and mountains. The park is developed by VUDA and has many attractions for the tourists. There is a rope way connecting this park from the bottom of the hill. This is the only ropeway in India that is facing sea and city. The other major attractions are the introduction of Ropeway to the hill, art gallery, and air conditioned Conference Hall & Capsule Lift to the highest view point.

The Beach roadBeach Road from East point colony to Coastal battery is studded with parks, statues, etc, is the darling of the vizagites, it is the favorite evening gathering point for youth, couples and old and young alike. The beach road is surrounded by many high rise and beautifully designed buildings. This black topped road can said to be the best Roads/beach Roads in India. There are granite platforms for people to sit and enjoy their gala time in the evening. In the same beach Road, India’s only submarine museum INS Karasura is located. Visakha museum and Matsyadarsini ( India’s second aquarium, the other is Taraporewala in Mumbai ) is situated. Navy also has made some contributions, Victory at seaVictory at Sea , commemorating the 1971 war against Pakistan. The beach road is one of the neatest and cleanest in India by any standards. There are many theme statues studded beautifully in Green carpet grass and well made concrete patways. The best among the are the elephantElephant ,DragonDragon , warflight,battle tankBattle Tank and Matsyakanya. In one corner there are beautifully carved sculptures. Beach road is filled with lot of fast food vendors and food chains. There is a Durga temple opposite R.K.Beach carved like Kali temple of Dakshineshwar and the other temple like that of a pagoda. This is adjacent to Matsyadarsini. Every evening one will find a crowd nothing less than 10,000. Despite being crowded one will not find clumsiness one would witness in other locations in India. The pavements are about 20 feet wide on each side giving enough room for the pedestrians who come to enjoy their evenings. One will find the people to be very disciplined and well behaved. Visaka utsav is celebrated by VUDA and AP Tourism every year between Jan-Mar.

VUDA park which is at the beginning of the Beach Road is also one of the major attractions, it has musical fountain, mini disneyland and boating to entertain the kids. It has a roller skating ground, where skating is taught, it was also venue for several national and international skating competitions. This park is one of the largest parks developed by an Urban Development authority.

Rushikonda beach, six km away from Vizag city, has become one of the favorite evening spots these days. AP Tourism has developed some cottages known as Punnami resorts for the tourists. It is one of the best resorts in India. It is a must for romantic couples, who would like to have a beautiful view of beach from elevation and also have some best sea breeze. There is one more resort nearby known as Saipriya resorts, the oldest of all and still the best. This resort has a very beautiful private beach and one can enjoy it. Many Telugu and Tamil movies are shot at this place.

Bhimili-Vizag beach Road, 30 km in length offers one of the best views of Sea, sand, Hills and greenery. Throughout the entire stretch one can see breathtaking view of sea. Sea is never more than 500 m away. One will find one of the most beautiful beaches one can imagine of in the entire trip of 30 km. In certain locations hills are cut across to lay the road. These locations give you one of the finest views of Sea, city and nature. Many parks are constructed adjacent to this road. VUDA park, Kailasagiri, Tennati park and Thatlakonda park.

Tenneti park beach park is a park constructed on the cliff of Kailashagiri. Its picture perfect Scenic beauty along with luxuriant carpet grass intertwined with concrete pathways makes it the most revered place for Romantic couples. There are several points from which the beautiful rocky beach down beneath can be seen. There is a way to go to that location. That location is favorite for cinema shootings. Many Telugu, Tamil and Hindi movies are shooted. The climax scene of Hindi Movie ” Ek Dhuje ke liye” , in which Rati Agnihotri after getting raped drowns into the sea. Actually most of the people may not be aware that the movie is Shooted in Vizag but not in Goa as they say in the movie. This movie was a remake of Telugu movie “Maro Charitra”. One more view point is there in the park which is about 50 ft in elevation that shall give a beautiful view of the sea, Beach road and the beach park.

Ross HillRoss Hill Summary, this is adjacent to the Inner Harbour. This is actually a hill that was cut into three parts to lay Road and Rail to connect to Vizag inner Harbour with outer harbour. On top of the hill there is one a temple, a church and a mosque. This is probably the only place in India symbols of three different religions are located side by side with not even a single incidence of communal violence. The native Vizagites are one the most hospitable and tolerant people in India giving it a cosmopolitan outlook. From the church one can take a very excellent view of the outer harbour, inner harbour and the Dolphin’s nose mountain. There is a Duffering signalling centre. Previously, people were made to enter, but of late this was closed to general public..

Yarada beach, it is one of the most picturesque locations on the seaward side of the Dolphin nose mountain. This beach is a private beach of Agrigold. This reminds of a tropical paradise. Hill entering into the sea is the boundary of this beach on one side and the rest is a golden beach away from the crowd. One can find the serenity of the nature. Beautiful waves and its roar awakens you from getting lost in the beauty of the location. This stunningly beautiful beach has some resemblance to Kovalam beach of Kerala. The route to this beach from Dolphin’s nose hill is one of the best view’s one can ever think of from the hill one can see the Vizag city surrounded by hills, HPCL Refinery, Vizag port. There is lighthouse on the top of the Dolhin’s nose Mountain ( The name derived from its shape, its shape resembles a dolphin’s nose).This light house is the most powerful east of Suez.It is the most prominent and unforgettable landmark in Visakhapatnam. It is a single and massive hillock of more than 350mts height, resembles the Dolphin’s nose hence the name. It protects the Visakhapatnam Harbour as well as the Head Quarters of Eastern Naval Command. Visakhapatnam Port Trust’s, Light House is situated on top of the hill and guides the approaching ships to Visakhapatnam. The port channel cuts in between three hills which emphasis the lovely topography of Visakhapatnam. Ross Hill, the highest mount named after Mr. Ross, local authority, who built a house on it in 1864, Darga konda, has a mosque and a shrine of a Muslim sage Ishaque Madina, who was revered for his prophecies. Sri Venkateswarakonda has a temple, which was built by Capt. Blackmoor in 1886. A beautiful road is laid by Indian Navy on the hill top connecting Scindia Junction. This road is not open general public. This road offers the fines view of the Vizag harbour. There are many quarters on the hill top that offers the best view and stunning Scenic beauty. Probably this is the best view Indian Navy has had in India.

SimhachalamSimhachalam Overview, it is a hill shrine in the city that is 16 km away from the City centre on the other side of the Hill on the north of the city.One of the most exquisitely sculpted shrines of Andhra Pradesh, Simhachalam temple is situated 16 km from Vizag among thickly wooded hills. The beautifully-carved 16-pillared Natya mantapa and the 96-pillared Kalyana mantapa bear testimony to the architectural brilliance of the temple. The image of the presiding deity, Sri Lakshminarasimha Swamy, is covered by a thick layer of sandalwood paste. This is one of the oldest temple in India dedicated to Narasimha, one of the incarnations of Vishnu, built in 11th century by Kullotunga, an Eastern Chalukyan king. One Vijaya stamba is erected by Sri Krishna Deva Raya emerged victorious over the Gajapati kings of Orissa. One will find ancient telugu inscriptions in this temple. These inscriptions are probably one of the oldest telugu inscriptions. This temple is one of the most famous temples in India. Its architecture is Dravida (South Indian). There is a popular belief that this lord is protecting Vizag from natural disasters like Floods, cyclones, Earthquakes and Tsunamis. Till date there is not even a single death occurred due to natural calamities. Couples just before marriage go to this temple as a ritual. This temple is one of the most crowded temples of Andhra Pradesh.

Araku is one of the most important tourist destination in Andhra Pradesh. A pleasant hill station famous for its scenic gardens with lush green nature, valleys, waterfalls and streams. It is situated at a distance of 112 km from Visakhapatnam, The journey to Araku valley on the Eastern Ghats with thick forest on either sides is itself highly interesting and pleasant. The place is over 3200ft. high with a bracing climate. The Botanical Garden at Padmapuram, Government Silk Farm with Mulberry gardens is the live examples to know the socio-economic conditions of the area.

Tribal Museum is a biggest attraction of the Araku. Chaaparai, a picturesque place about 15 km from Araku is another picnic spot in this region. One must experience the climatic conditions and the natural beauty of this Valley. The natural beauty of this valley comes alive with the aboriginal tribes who dwell here and who have to this day kept their tradition and culture alive. About 19 tribes inhabit this area. The Dhimsa dance, an age-old folk dance normally performed during ‘Itikala Pongal’ is now offered in tourist’s packages everyday.

Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, situated in between the National Highway -5 & Beach road, spreading over an area of 625 acres, exhibits about 700 animals belonging to about 89 species. The important attractions of the Zoo are Deer Safari, Nocturnal animals, Toy train, Shanty Sarovar view, Zoo van drive and Bay of Bengal view points.

On the way to Araku Valley, 90 km from Vizag, Borra Caves house spectacular, million-year-old stalactite and stalagmite formations, standing as a testimonial to its pristine glory and age woven into intricate design through the centuries. While the formations resembling mythological characters are an added attraction, illumination of the caves by AP Tourism turns the naturally sculpted glory into a grand visual feast. The nature made Borra Caves are a million and odd years old and said to be discovered by William King in 1807. The river Gostani, beautiful hills and valleys surround these caves. The local tale says, the tribals discovered the caves, when a cow fell into the caves through the hole of the cave.

These caves are said have their origin from the river Gosthani. It was said, due to the flow of the river Gosthani through the layers of lime earth, the caves were formed, over the course of millions of years, The 300 ft. thick roofed Borra caves spread over one square km., presenting a mind-boggling and breath-taking display of naturally sculpted splendor. This is truly a worth seeing.

Tyda is a small village nestling in the wooded hills of the Eastern Ghats, on the way to Araku from Vizag. Tyda is located 75 km from Vizag. This place is a natural bounty of flora and fauna, It is now home to an enchanting date with untouched nature. AP Tourism department in association with the Department of Forests ha established the Jungle Bells Nature Camp, an Eco-Tourism Resort. The camp provides great view of Eastern Ghats, facilities for trekking, hiking and bird watching in addition to accommodation in log huts amidst serene surroundings. A must see place for nature lovers.

This place is located at the highest altitude place in Andhra Pradesh. Located on the way to Araku Valley, the entire village is surrounded by coffee plantations, giving you a pleasant feel of nature’s beauty. Several waterfalls, adorn the hillocks around the Village. A. P. Tourism has developed a beautiful wayside restaurant to cater the needs of the tourist passing through Anantagiri towards Araku.

Over an hour’s drive from Vizag, Etikoppaka is a delightful little village on the banks of river Varaha. The craftsmen of the village have won fame on a national scale with toys made of soft wood called “Ankudu” and coated with lac. These toys are colourful and depict the rural life in an endearingly simple manner.

The Indian Navy has installed a decommissioned Submarine I.N.S. Kurusura on the sands of R K Beach, Visakhapatnam as a Museum for the display to the public and tourists as well. This is the first of its kind in the Asia. The aim of setting up of this museum is to create awareness among the public to know how the submarines work during wartime and how the crew takes action etc.

Buddhists Sites

Visakhapatnam is surrounded by ancient Buddhist sites, most of which have been excavated recently. The imprint of Buddhist legacy is so strong here that the interest of archeologists in this area is growing by the day.

The Buddhist Complex on the hill-top of Mangamaripeta, locally known as Thotlakonda lies about 16 km from Visakhapatnam on Vizag Bheemili Beach Road. It is picturesquely located on the hilltop at about 128mts. high above the MSL. The existence of Buddhist site at Thotlakonda came to light during an aerial survey undertaken by the Indian Navy. After its discovery, the Government of A.P has declared the site measuring an area of 120 acres on the summit as protected monument during 1978.

The excavations that lasted from 1988 to 1992 have exposed structural remains. These remains are classified as A) Religious, B) Secular and C) Civil. These structures include the Stupa, Chaityagrihas, pillared congregation halls, bhandagaras, refectory (bhojanasala), drainage and stone pathways etc. The complex comprises several structural components such as a Mahastupa, 16 votive stupas, a stone pillared congregation hall, 11 rock-cut cisterns, well paved stone path ways, an apsidal chaitya-griha, 3 circular chaitgya-grihas , two votive platforms, 10 viharas consisted of 72 cells, a kitchen complex with three halls and a refectory (dinning hall) etc. Associated with the above structures were unearthed several inscribed chatra pieces with early Brahmi letters, nine Satavahana and five roman silver coins, terracotta tiles, stucco decorative pieces, sculptured panels, miniature stupa models in stone, Buddha padas depicted with asthamangal symbols, early historic pottery etc.

Bavikonda, an important Buddhist heritage site located on a hill about 15km, northeast from Visakhapatnam city. Here the Buddhist habitation is noticed on a 40 acres flat terraced area. Bavikonda in Telugu means a hill of wells. A Hinayana school of Buddhism was practiced here. Bavikonda Monastery flourished between 3rd Century B.C., and 3rd Century A.D., The discovery of relic caskets in Mahachaitya is significant. Bavikonda has remains of an entire Buddhist complex, comprising 26 structures belonging to three phases. A piece of bone stored in an urn recovered here is believed to belong to the mortal remains of the Buddha. It also contains large quantity of ash, charcoal, and earthenware. Three abandoned water tanks were also have been found on this hillock.

A Britisher Alexander Rea unearthed Sankaram, a 2000-year-old Buddhist Heritage site in 1907. Located 40 km from South of Vizag, locally it is known as Bojjannakonda. The three phases of Buddhism viz. Hinayana, Mahayana & Vajrayana flourished here. This complex is famous for its numerous Monolithic Votive Stupas, Rock cut caves, and brick build structural edifices. Excavations yielded several historic potteries, Satavahana coins dating back to the 1st century A.D. several clay tablets bearing figures of Buddha etc.

Bojjannakonda, the Eastern one bears richer architecture of the two hills. It presents a picturesque appearance with its Main Stupa on the hilltop and dominating myriads of stupas, mostly rock-cut and rarely brick-built, one above the other. Almost every outcrop and protuberance has been converted boldly into a stupa. Similarly at Lingalakonda, there are innumerable rock-cut monolithic stupas in rows spread all over the hill. Other Attractions are a Maha stupa nearby which yielded a relic casket, 3 chaitya halls, votive platforms, stupas and vajrayana sculptures. A gold coin of Samudragupta dating to 4th century AD was also found at this place. The Vihara was active for about 1000 years, spanning the Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana phases of Buddhism. This place offers a glimpse into the rich Buddhist heritage and culture is a must see for any tourist.

Pavuralakonda or ‘the hill of the pigeons’ is a hillock lying to the west of Bhimli, at about 24 km from Vizag. The Buddhist setllement found here is estimated to have witnessed human habitation between 1st century BC to 2nd century AD. Sixteen rock cut cisterns for impounding rain water are found on the hillock, which offer a panoramic view of the coastline.

Gopalapatnam, situated on the left bank of River Tandava, is a village surrounded by brick built stupas, viharas and other Buddhist remains. Ancient pottery was also excavated from these sites.

Keep your kids healthy with fitness! Unfortunately, kids are leading an increasingly sedentary lifestyle surrounded by junk food (even in schools). The USDA and the Centers for Disease Control promote youth fitness and health through several programs such as VERB, Powerful Bones for Powerful Girls, BAM!, Body and Mind, and Kids Walk-to-School. No matter what the youth fitness program, the USDA and CDC recommend 60 minutes per day of physical fitness activity for children and adolescents.

It’s important to note that kids don’t have to go a full hour straight. A fitness routine for your preteen or teen could include a run in the morning, a game of Frisbee with friends and the dog in the afternoon, and shooting hoops at night. Just make sure your child or teen enjoys some muscle exercise and some cardio, and burns some calories. It’s one of the best, most lasting gifts you’ll ever give your children.